Obesity in adolescents

Obesity is a serious public health concern throughout the world and it is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and type 2 diabetes.  It may also have negative impact in academic and social functioning of teenagers.

Body mass index (BMI) in adults = weight in kg divided by the square of height in meters. Normal BMI: 18 – 25. Overweight: 25 – 30. Obesity: BMI 30 – 40. Morbid obesity: BMI > 40.

Adolescent obesity affects all socio-economic groups. Neuroendocrine, metabolic, psychological, environmental and socio-cultural factors can lead to obesity.  Lack of physical activity and consuming more calories, are the most common causes for obesity in adolescents.

The treatment includes dietary management, physical activity enhancement, reducing sedentary behavior and bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery is only for the morbidly obese with comorbidity.

Morbidity due to obesity are on the increase. Hence preventive measures are essential. The interventions for preventing obesity are mainly aimed at limiting the intake of sugar and high calorie snacks. Encourage eating high-fiber diet with balanced micronutrients and home cooked meals. Reduce the duration of “screen time”, especially television. Ban eating in front of television. Increase the level of physical activity.  Encourage healthy eating habits from early childhood.